THE LISBON TREATY AND THE AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE AS AN AREA OF LEGAL INTEGRATION

This paper considers the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) in the broader context of European integration and links it to two trends in the development of the European Union: firstly, the expanding scope of European law and secondly the increasingly fragmented nature of the integration process. The paper provides a historic and thematic description of the AFSJ and argues that it represents, amongst other things, a movement of the EU into areas of ‘high politics’ and the development of a nascent ‘European public order’, linking territory, the state and citizens. In a parallel development, European integration has developed into a system of organising difference and accommodating national preferences. This is epitomised in the AFSJwhere the system of integration, analysed under various parameters, appears to emphasise national autonomy and to facilitate variation

Human detection and tracking through temporal feature recognition

The ability to accurately track objects of interest – particularly humans – is of great importance in the fields of security and surveillance. In such scenarios, t he application of accurate, automated human tracking offers benefits over manual supervision. In this paper, recent efforts made to investigate the improvement of automated human detection and tracking techniques through the recognition of person-specific time-varying signatures in thermal video are detailed. A robust human detection algorithm is developed to aid the initialisation stage of a state-of-the art existing tracking algorithm. In addition, coupled with the spatial tracking methods present in this algorithm, the inclusion of temporal signature recognition in the tracking process is shown to improve human tracking results

The absence of integration and the responsibilisation of Union citizenship

Union citizenship has witnessed a reactive turn in recent years with citizens' rights being more easily restricted. Key to this development is a shift in the use of the concept of integration. This article traces this development through two key areas of law, namely access to social benefits and the effect of criminal behaviour on citizens' rights. It further argues that this shift in the use of integration entails a greater emphasis on the agency of the individual and the responsibilisation of the citizen. An image of the “good EU citizen” emerges as productive and law-abiding

Not Just Another Giraffe: The Collaborative Development of a Homeless Walking Tour in Cape Town, South Africa

Homelessness is a result of inadequate housing and limited economic opportunities. This project aimed to expand the work skill offerings of Khulisa Social Solutions by developing a homeless walking tour in collaboration with homeless individuals involved in Khulisa’s Streetscapes program to serve as an employment opportunity and awareness raising tool. The tour was informed by our observations and interviews of tour guides and our daily interactions and collaborations with the participants. The pilot tour implemented our findings related to duration, distance, timing, number of stops, as well as the deep personal stories the participants shared with us. We also offered suggestions for an evaluation tool that considers skills such as communication, self-confidence, and reliability

Improving Large Scale Culture for Anchorage Dependent Cells

Chronic diseases are a prevalent and expensive health conditions in the US, with 133 million people suffering from a chronic disease. Tissue engineering, particularly mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) approaches, show great potential in meeting the need for treatments. There is a need for an improved scaffold to promote proliferation of adherent cells within bioreactors. This project aims to solve this gap in technology by constructing a 3-D scaffold of a novel material that would solve production issues of MSC\u27s. A literature review found materials that were nontoxic, flexible, and allowed cellular adhesion. Experiments quantified cell seeding and proliferation on varying materials to select a material for final design. A multilayer scaffold of stainless steel mesh was selected for final design

Detection of EpCAM-Negative and Cytokeratin-Negative Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood

Enrichment of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is typically achieved using antibodies to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), with detection using cytokeratin (CK) antibodies. However, EpCAM and CK are not expressed in some tumors and can be downregulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A micro-fluidic system, not limited to EpCAM or CK, was developed to use multiple antibodies for capture followed by detection using CEE-Enhanced (CE), a novel in situ staining method that fluorescently labels the capture antibodies bound to CTCs. Higher recovery of CTCs was demonstrated using antibody mixtures compared to anti-EpCAM. In addition, CK-positive breast cancer cells were found in 15 of 24 samples (63%; range 1–60 CTCs), while all samples contained additional CE-positive cells (range 1–41; median = 11; P = .02). Thus, antibody mixtures against a range of cell surface antigens enables capture of more CTCs than anti-EpCAM alone and CE staining enables the detection of CK-negative CTCs

Use of hyperspectral imaging for cake moisture and hardness prediction

Industrial baking of sponge cakes requires various quality indicators to be measured during production such as moisture content and sponge hardness. Existing techniques for measuring these properties require randomly selected sponges to be removed from the production line before samples are manually cut out of each sponge in a destructive way for testing. These samples are subsequently processed manually using dedicated analysers to measure moisture and texture properties in a lengthy process, which can take a skilled operator around 20 min to complete per sponge. In this study, the authors present a new, single sensor hyperspectral imaging approach, which has the potential to measure both sponge moisture content and hardness simultaneously. In the last decade, hyperspectral imaging systems have reduced in cost and size and, as a result, they are becoming widely used in a number of industries and research areas. Recently, there has been an increased use of this technology in the food industry and in food science applications and research. The application of this technology in the cake production environment, empowered by sophisticated signal and image processing techniques and prediction algorithms as presented in this study has the potential to provide on-line, real-time, stand-off cake quality monitoring

Systems-Based Design of Bi-Ligand Inhibitors of Oxidoreductases: Filling the Chemical Proteomic Toolbox

Genomics-driven growth in the number of enzymes of unknown function has created a need for better strategies to characterize them. Since enzyme inhibitors have traditionally served this purpose, we present here an efficient systems-based inhibitor design strategy, enabled by bioinformatic and NMR structural developments. First, we parse the oxidoreductase gene family into structural subfamilies termed pharmacofamilies, which share pharmacophore features in their cofactor binding sites. Then we identify a ligand for this site and use NMR-based binding site mapping (NMR SOLVE) to determine where to extend a combinatorial library, such that diversity elements are directed into the adjacent substrate site. The cofactor mimic is reused in the library in a manner that parallels the reuse of cofactor domains in the oxidoreductase gene family. A library designed in this manner yielded specific inhibitors for multiple oxidoreductases

Light Curves and Period Changes of Type II Cepheids in the Globular Clusters M3 and M5

Light curves in the B, V, and I_c passbands have been obtained for the type II Cepheids V154 in M3 and V42 and V84 in M5. Alternating cycle behavior, similar to that seen among RV Tauri variables, is confirmed for V84. Old and new observations, spanning more than a century, show that V154 has increased in period while V42 has decreased in period. V84, on the other hand, has shown large, erratic changes in period that do not appear to reflect the long term evolution of V84 through the HR diagram.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figure

Crop Updates 2000 - Oilseeds

This session covers seventeen papers from different authors: Introduction, Paul Carmody, Centre for Cropping Systems CANOLA AGRONOMY 2. Genotype, location and year influence the quality of canola grown across southern Australia, PingSi1, Rodney Mailer2, Nick Galwey1 and David Turner1, 1Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 2Agricultural Research Institute, New South Wales Agriculture 3. Development of Pioneer® Canola varieties for Australian market,Kevin Morthorpe, StephenAddenbrooke, Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia Pty Ltd 4. Canola, Erucic Acid, Markets and Agronomic Implications, Peter Nelson, The Grain Pool of Western Australia 5. The control of Capeweed in Clearfield Production System for Canola, Mike Jackson and ScottPaton, Cyanamid Agriculture Pty Ltd 6. Responsiveness of Canola to Soil Potassium Levels: How Low Do We Have To Go? Ross Brennan, Noeleen Edwards, Mike Bolland and Bill Bowden,Agriculture Western Australia 7. Adaption of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in the Mediterranean Environment of South Western Australia, C.P. Gunasekera1, L.D. Martin1, G.H. Walton2 and K.H.M. Siddique2 1Muresk Institute of Agriculture, Curtin University of Technology, Northam, 2Agriculture Western Australia 8. Physiological Aspects of Drought Tolerance in Brassica napus and B.juncea, Sharon R. Niknam and David W. Turner, Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia 9. Cross resistance of chlorsulfuron-resistant wild radish to imidazolinones, Abul Hashem, Harmohinder Dhammu and David Bowran, Agriculture Western Australia 10. Canola Variety and PBR Update 2000, From The Canola Association of Western Australia 11. Development of a canola ideotype for the low rainfall areas of the western Australian wheat belt, Syed H. Zaheer, Nick W. Galwey and David W. Turner, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia DISEASE MANAGEMENT 12. Evaluation of fungicides for the management of blackleg in canola, Ravjit Khangura and Martin J. Barbetti, Agriculture Western Australia 13. Impact-IFÒ: Intergral in the control of Blackleg, Peter Carlton, Trials Coordinator, Elders Limited 14. Forecasting aphid and virus risk in canola, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes and Roger Jones, Agriculture Western Australia and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture 15. Beet western yellow virus in canola: 1999 survey results, wild radish weed reservoir and suppression by insecticide, Roger Jones and Brenda Coutts, Agriculture Western Australia 16. Are canola crops resilient to damage by aphids and diamond back moths? Françoise Berlandier, Agriculture Western Australia ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 17. Outlook for prices and implications for rotations, Ross Kingwell1,2, Michael O’Connell1 and Simone Blennerhasset11Agriculture Western Australia 2University of Western Australi